Learn to Synchronize, Synchronize to Learn
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In recent years, the machine learning community has seen a continuous growing interest in research aimed at investigating dynamical aspects of both training procedures and perfected models. Of particular interest among recurrent neural networks, we have the Reservoir Computing (RC) paradigm for its conceptual simplicity and fast training scheme. Yet, the guiding principles under which RC operates are only partially understood. In this work, we study the properties behind learning dynamical systems with RC and propose a new guiding principle based on Generalized Synchronization (GS) granting its feasibility. We show that the well-known Echo State Property (ESP) implies and is implied by GS, so that theoretical results derived from the ESP still hold when GS does. However, by using GS one can profitably study the RC learning procedure by linking the reservoir dynamics with the readout training. Notably, this allows us to shed light on the interplay between the input encoding performed by the reservoir and the output produced by the readout optimized for the task at hand. In addition, we show that - as opposed to the ESP - satisfaction of the GS can be measured by means of the Mutual False Nearest Neighbors index, which makes effective to practitioners theoretical derivations.
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