Off-line vs. On-line Evaluation of Recommender Systems in Small E-commerce
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In this paper, we present our work towards comparing on-line and off-line evaluation metrics in the context of small e-commerce recommender systems. Recommending on small e-commerce enterprises are rather challenging due to the lower volume of interactions and low user loyalty, rarely extending beyond a single session. On the other hand, we usually have to deal with lower volumes of objects, which are easier to discover by users through various browsing/searching GUIs. The main goal of this paper is to determine applicability of off-line evaluation metrics in learning true usability of recommender systems (evaluated on-line in A/B testing). In total 800 variants of recommending algorithms were evaluated off-line w.r.t. 18 metrics covering rating-based, ranking-based, novelty and diversity evaluation. The off-line results were afterwards compared with on-line evaluation of 12 selected recommender variants. Off-line results shown a great variance in performance w.r.t. different metrics with the Pareto front covering 68% of the approaches. On-line metrics correlates positively with ranking-based metrics (AUC, MRR, nDCG), while too high values of diversity and novelty had a negative impact on the on-line results. We further train two regressors to predict on-line results based on the off-line metrics and estimate performance of recommenders not evaluated in A/B testing directly.
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