Security analysis of a self-embedding fragile image watermark scheme

12/31/2018
by   Xinhui Gong, et al.
0

Recently, a self-embedding fragile watermark scheme based on reference-bits interleaving and adaptive selection of embedding mode is proposed. Reference bits are derived from the scrambled MSB bits of a cover image, and then are combined with authentication bits to form the watermark bits for LSB embedding. We find this scheme has a feature of block independence of embedding watermark such that it is vulnerable to a collage attack. In addition, because the generation of authentication bits via hash function operations is not related to secret keys, we can apply a multiple stego-image attack on this scheme and the cost of acquiring all the permutation relations (i.e., equivalent permutation keys) of l· b^2 watermark bits of all blocks is about (l· b^2)! for the embedding mode (m, l), where m MSB layers of a cover image are used for generating reference bits and l LSB layers for embedding watermark, and b× b is the size of image block. The simulation results and the statistical results demonstrate our analysis is effective.

READ FULL TEXT

Please sign up or login with your details

Forgot password? Click here to reset